Bloom from early spring to hard frost
The gap in most gardens is early spring and late fall, exactly when emerging and overwintering insects are most vulnerable. Aim for at least three species in bloom at any moment across the whole season.
Plant in clumps of the same species. A single flower is hard to find, while a patch is a landmark.
Host plants, not only nectar
Nectar feeds adult butterflies, but caterpillars need specific host plants. Milkweed for monarchs is the famous case; your regional native plant list will name many more.
Chewed leaves are a sign of success. A pollinator garden that looks untouched is not feeding anything.
Shelter, water, and no spraying
Most native bees nest in bare, undisturbed ground or in hollow stems. Leave a sunny patch unmulched and leave stems standing over winter.
A shallow dish with pebbles gives insects a safe place to drink. Skip insecticides entirely, including systemic treatments on nursery plants, which can persist in pollen.
Take these away
- Three species in bloom at all times, spring through frost.
- Include caterpillar host plants, not just nectar sources.
- Leave bare ground and standing stems for nesting.
- No insecticides, and ask nurseries about systemic treatments.